Worcester County
Worcester
Data through FY2026; built October 19, 2026.
State House
- 13th Worcester · John J. Mahoney
- 16th Worcester · Daniel M. Donahue
- 15th Worcester · Mary S. Keefe
- 17th Worcester · David Henry Argosky LeBoeuf
- 14th Worcester · James J. O'Day
Worcester is split among five House districts. Shares are of 2020 residents.
State Senate
- First Worcester · Robyn K. Kennedy
- Second Worcester · Michael O. Moore
- Worcester and Hampshire · Peter J. Durant
School districts
- Worcester Public Schools, the city’s own district
Regional planning agency
Central Massachusetts Regional Planning Commission
Fairness Index
Worcester scores 65 on the Fairness Index for all state aid and 52 for discretionary money. Fifty is a fair share.
All state aid
65 / 10023rd of 351 (1 = most above its share)
Rank under other weightings: 18th to 40th.
Stable high: above 55 under every weighting
Worcester received more than its share of state aid on all four measures; its blended score of 65 stays between 62 and 68 under every weighting tested.
Discretionary money only
52 / 100176th of 351 (1 = most above its share)
Rank under other weightings: 156th to 193rd.
Weighting-dependent: the range crosses the 45–55 band
Worcester received more than its share of discretionary money on three of four measures; its blended score of 52 stays between 48 and 55 under every weighting tested.
Each bar is one way of defining a fair share: Equal, the same per resident; Need, weighted toward poverty, low income and a thin tax base; Burden, by what each program pays for (road miles, bridges, pupils and so on); Effort, by what residents already pay in property tax relative to their income. The line marks 50. The score is the average of the four. Discretionary money is competitive grants and earmarks that name the town. How the index is built.
State money, FY2017–FY2026
Worcester’s town government and school districts received $4.13 billion in formula aid and $80.2 million in competitive grants over ten years.
Formula aid
$4.13B
$19,940 per resident (27th of 351) · gross
Competitive grants
$80.2M
$387 per resident (175th of 351)
Earmark-account payments
$7.1M
$34.45 per resident (134th of 351)
Each class has its own scale. Bars show dollars paid in each fiscal year.
Formula aid is gross: Chapter 70 as DESE attributes it to the town, and cherry-sheet aid before the state deducts charges such as charter tuition and transit assessments, plus other formula programs as paid. Competitive grants and earmark-account payments are Comptroller payments to the town government and its school districts (stage: paid), the same payees as the Fairness Index. Enacted earmarks and earmark payments are different things: enacted earmarks are budget clauses, counted three ways above; earmark-account payments are Comptroller payments to the town government and its school districts from accounts classified as earmarks, which can include prior-year and statewide-program money. Either can be larger. Shared revenue, pass-through contracts, transfers to state entities and unclassified payments, $239M in all, are not shown. Rank 1 is the highest amount per resident among 351.
Formula aid is gross; competitive grants and earmark-account payments are as paid. Other classes, $239 million, are not shown.
Earmarks
Worcester received $13.1 million in local earmarks naming the town, $19.3 million placed in the town and $20.2 million counting everything placed, in ten enacted budgets.
Names the town
$13.1M
$63.43 per resident (104th of 351)
Placed in the town
$19.3M
$93.01 per resident (82nd of 351)
Everything placed
$20.2M
$97.76 per resident (83rd of 351)
Losers Club
Not a member
35 municipalities had none
Local earmarks are counted three ways: clauses that name Worcester; clauses placed in Worcester, adding organizations located here; and everything placed, adding state facilities located here. Three ways to count a local earmark.
Placed in the town: 192 clauses in ten of ten budgets; the most recent in FY2026. $13.1 million came in clauses that name Worcester; the other $6.1 million went to organizations based in Worcester, some of which serve a wider area.
Everything placed, the third measure, adds $983,000 in eight clauses for state facilities located in Worcester (such as state universities, courts, state parks or the metropolitan beaches) or MassHealth rate add-ons for providers here.
| Year | Amount | Budget text (excerpt) | Stage |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2026 | $500,000 | “the operations of Veterans Inc. for services to veterans including, but not limited to, employment training and substance use treatment” | Enacted recipient based here |
| FY2023 | $500,000 | “the creation and maintenance of a baseball field for the use and benefit of disadvantaged youth in the city of Worcester” | Enacted names the town |
| FY2026 | $450,000 | “Father Bill’s & MainSpring, Inc., the Western Massachusetts Network to End Homelessness and Central Massachusetts Housing Alliance, Inc. for ongoing…” | Enacted recipient based here |
| FY2025 | $430,000 | “the Worcester county court-appointed special advocates program for its court-appointed special advocates program in Worcester county” | Enacted recipient based here |
| FY2024 | $430,000 | “the Worcester county court-appointed special advocates program for its court-appointed special advocates program in Worcester county” | Enacted recipient based here |
Enacted earmarks and earmark payments are different things: enacted earmarks are budget clauses, counted three ways above; earmark-account payments are Comptroller payments to the town government and its school districts from accounts classified as earmarks, which can include prior-year and statewide-program money. Either can be larger.
What the town carries
Measured against what it maintains, Worcester received 90% of its proportional share of competitive grant awards.
Local road miles
434.7
3rd of 351 · 2.1 per 1,000 residents (334th of 351)
Town-owned bridges, replacement cost
$99.5M
scored exposure $33.3M · one in poor condition
Road-stream crossings
390
1st of 351 · culverts and small crossings
Town-owned hazard dams
24
high or significant hazard
Land area
37.4 sq mi
0% state-owned
Seasonal homes
0%
share of housing units
Peak service population
207,895
residents plus seasonal
Core infrastructure index
0.52
roads, culverts, dams, coast, flood, energy
The burden index divides the competitive awards Worcester received from FY2017 to FY2026 by what it would have received if every program had split its money by its own measure of need: road miles for road programs, crossings for culvert grants, town-owned hazard dams for dam repair, jobs for economic development, residents for libraries. 1.0 is proportional. Worcester: 0.90. State median: 0.91. Bridges count by replacement cost and condition, not by number, and only bridges the town owns. Ranks run from 1, the most among 351.
Burden index 0.90; state median 0.91; 1.0 is proportional. Ranks run from 1, the most among 351.
State land and growth
State land eligible for PILOT
208 acres
0.9% of land area · FY2026
State-owned land PILOT, FY2026
$316,000
payment in lieu of taxes, cherry sheet
PILOT per eligible acre
$1,518
statewide $117 · FY2026
New growth per resident
$11,906
FY2017–2025 · 295th of 351 · median town $20,524
State land eligible for PILOT is the Division of Local Services’ count of state-owned acres on which the state pays a payment in lieu of taxes; the payment follows the land’s assessed value, not its acreage, so the per-acre figure is a comparison, not the formula. The state-owned share on the land-area tile above is the MassGIS map of all state-owned open space, a wider count. New growth is the assessed value of new construction and improvements added to the tax base, summed FY2017–FY2025 and divided by 2020–24 residents; taxed at the prior year’s rates, it adds to the levy limit beyond 2.5%.
Costs and the 2½% limit
State aid covered 49.1% of Worcester’s general-fund spending in FY2025, up from 46.2% in FY2006.
State aid as a share of general-fund spending
FY2006
46.2%
$228M of $493M · median town 14.1%
FY2016
48.9%
$286M of $586M · median town 12.2%
FY2025
49.1%
$442M of $900M · median town 11.5%
Net of state charges, FY2025
43.3%
FY2010: 45.8% · median town 10.0%
State aid is the gross cherry sheet as entered on the tax rate recap; spending is the town’s general-fund expenditures as filed with the Division of Local Services. Net subtracts the charges the state assesses on the same cherry sheet (charter and school-choice tuition, transit, county and other assessments), itemized from FY2010.
Gross state aid went from $228 million in FY2006 to $442 million in FY2025, +94.2% in dollars. Consumer prices are the Boston-area CPI-U, up 55.1% over those years; government prices are the federal price index for state and local government purchases, up 74.5%. Fiscal-year averages. Flag: in FY2010, $19.1 million of Worcester’s gross aid was in receipts the itemized cherry sheet does not show, consistent with school-building reimbursements that ended by FY2024 (not verified line by line). Part of the change since FY2006 may be that phase-out.
Fixed costs against the 2½% limit, FY2016–FY2025
Health insurance, FY2016–25
+76.1%
$84M to $148M · all towns +54.0%
All fixed costs, FY2016–25
+68.8%
$107M to $180M · all towns +53.0%
Years squeezed
4 of 9
fixed costs grew faster than allowed levy growth
Health insurance
6 of 9
years it grew faster than allowed levy growth
Nine years at 2.5% add 24.9%. Grown that way from FY2016, Worcester’s health insurance would have been $105 million in FY2025; it was $148 million, $43 million above the path. Its fixed costs would have been $133 million in FY2025; it was $180 million, $46.8 million above the path.
Fixed costs are employee benefits, retirement, insurance and similar costs in the general fund; health insurance comes from a separate DLS report. Allowed levy growth is 2.5% plus new growth, as a share of the prior year’s levy limit; a year counts as squeezed when fixed costs grew by a larger percentage.
Local earmarks against the health-insurance increase
Over the nine budgets, earmarks naming Worcester came to $10.8 million, 16.9% of the $63.9 million rise in its health insurance.
| Measure | Earmarks | Share of the increase | All towns, pooled |
|---|---|---|---|
| Names the town | $10.8M | 16.9% | 28.2% |
| Placed in the town | $16M | 25.0% | 42.3% |
| Everything placed | $16.6M | 26.0% | 45.2% |
An earmark is a one-year appropriation; a health-insurance increase recurs in every later budget. Earmarks are counted on the three measures and are not adjusted for the January 2024 mid-year cuts or the FY2026 hold. All towns: pooled over the towns that reported health insurance in both years. All dollars nominal. Method.
Schools
Worcester’s required school contribution is 2.4% of median household income, 245th highest of 351.
Chapter 70 aid, FY2026
$412M
to the town’s district
Required local contribution
$136M
FY2026
Share of household income
2.4%
245th of 351 (1 = highest)
Real aid per pupil, FY2017–26
+31%
after inflation
Worcester runs its own school district.
Real figures use the CPI-U, fiscal-year average, in FY2026 dollars. The required contribution is the local share the state sets under the Chapter 70 formula; the share of income divides it per household by the town’s median household income.
Expected and actual
Worcester received $120 million in earmarks placed in the town and competitive grants over ten years, 15% more than the $104 million its size, need and institutions predict.
The expectation comes from a statewide model of all 351 municipalities that uses population, road miles, jobs, poverty, income, tax base, school-aid share and the presence of hospitals, colleges and nonprofits. Those factors explain about 55–60% of the differences between towns. The model leaves out many legitimate reasons a town may receive more or less, such as a single large project, so a gap is a starting point for questions, not a finding about anyone’s conduct.
Earmarks here are placed in the town, the second of three measures (enacted); competitive grants are Comptroller payments (paid). Method.
Peers
Worcester ranks 6th of 11 on earmark dollars placed in the town per resident among itself and its ten nearest peers.
Peers are the ten municipalities nearest to Worcester on population, income need and tax-base need. The best and lowest performers are the highest and lowest on earmark dollars placed in the town per resident in the wider class of 30 nearest, the second of three measures.
| Municipality | Fairness Index | Formula aid per resident | Competitive per resident | Earmarks placed in the town, per resident (enacted) | Burden index | School contribution, share of income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Worcesterthis town | 65 | $19,940 | $387 | $93.01 | 0.90 | 2.4% |
| Springfieldpeer · best in class of 30 | 79 | $35,424 | $352 | $178 | 1.27 | 1.8% |
| New Bedfordpeer | 74 | $27,251 | $466 | $126 | 1.34 | 1.9% |
| Lowellpeer | 70 | $24,024 | $384 | $66.99 | 0.82 | 2.3% |
| Fall Riverpeer | 72 | $25,031 | $426 | $77.65 | 0.89 | 2.0% |
| Brocktonpeer | 72 | $26,796 | $378 | $70.10 | 1.28 | 2.3% |
| Lawrencepeer | 81 | $35,983 | $392 | $72.86 | 1.09 | 1.0% |
| Lynnpeer | 72 | $27,652 | $300 | $97.57 | 1.51 | 2.5% |
| Chicopeepeer · lowest in class of 30 | 62 | $19,031 | $203 | $19.30 | 0.65 | 2.4% |
| Tauntonpeer | 59 | $17,881 | $149 | $94.33 | 0.82 | 2.7% |
| Fitchburgpeer | 68 | $22,494 | $765 | $118 | 2.33 | 2.1% |
| Chicopeelowest in class of 30 | 62 | $19,031 | $203 | $19.30 | 0.65 | 2.4% |
Formula aid per resident is the ten-year gross total; competitive grants are ten-year totals paid, FY2017–FY2026; earmarks are enacted clauses placed in the town over the same ten budgets. Add up to ten towns to the table; adding needs JavaScript.
Sources
Every figure traces to a public record.
Fairness Index
Representation
State money
What the town carries
- MassDOT Chapter 90 apportionment and Road Inventory
- FHWA National Bridge Inventory, 2025
- MassDOT Bridges layer (GeoDOT)
- North Atlantic Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative, road-stream crossings
- DCR Office of Dam Safety inventory, via MassGIS
- American Community Survey housing tables, U.S. Census Bureau
- State grant award lists (Community One Stop, MVP, Green Communities and others)
- DLS Databank, state-owned land eligible for PILOT
- DLS Databank, new growth
Costs and the 2½% limit
- DLS Databank, Schedule A general fund expenditures and revenues
- DLS Databank, health insurance expenditures
- DLS Databank, revenue by source (state aid)
- DLS Databank, cherry sheet receipts and charges by program
- DLS Databank, new growth and levy limits
- Boston-area CPI-U (BLS) and state-local price index (BEA), via FRED
Every figure on this page is built by script from these public sources. Method and limits.
Parcenomics helps towns turn numbers like these into a plan. Municipal services · Contact