Hampden County
Springfield
Data through FY2026; built October 19, 2026.
State House
- 11th Hampden · Bud L. Williams
- 10th Hampden · Carlos González
- 9th Hampden · Orlando Ramos
- 12th Hampden · Angelo J. Puppolo, Jr.
- 2nd Hampden · Brian M. Ashe
Springfield is split among five House districts. Shares are of 2020 residents.
State Senate
- Hampden · Adam Gómez
- Hampden, Hampshire and Worcester · Jacob R. Oliveira
School districts
- Springfield Public Schools, the city’s own district
Regional planning agency
Pioneer Valley Planning Commission
Fairness Index
Springfield scores 79 on the Fairness Index for all state aid and 50 for discretionary money. Fifty is a fair share.
All state aid
79 / 1003rd of 351 (1 = most above its share)
Rank 3rd under every weighting tested.
Stable high: above 55 under every weighting
Springfield received more than its share of state aid on all four measures; its blended score of 79 stays between 77 and 82 under every weighting tested.
Discretionary money only
50 / 100190th of 351 (1 = most above its share)
Rank under other weightings: 172nd to 198th.
Near fair: between 45 and 55 under every weighting
Springfield received more than its share of discretionary money on three of four measures; its blended score of 50 stays between 48 and 52 under every weighting tested.
Each bar is one way of defining a fair share: Equal, the same per resident; Need, weighted toward poverty, low income and a thin tax base; Burden, by what each program pays for (road miles, bridges, pupils and so on); Effort, by what residents already pay in property tax relative to their income. The line marks 50. The score is the average of the four. Discretionary money is competitive grants and earmarks that name the town. How the index is built.
State money, FY2017–FY2026
Springfield’s town government and school districts received $5.48 billion in formula aid and $54.5 million in competitive grants over ten years.
Formula aid
$5.48B
$35,424 per resident (2nd of 351) · gross
Competitive grants
$54.5M
$352 per resident (187th of 351)
Earmark-account payments
$2.2M
$14.48 per resident (232nd of 351)
Each class has its own scale. Bars show dollars paid in each fiscal year.
Formula aid is gross: Chapter 70 as DESE attributes it to the town, and cherry-sheet aid before the state deducts charges such as charter tuition and transit assessments, plus other formula programs as paid. Competitive grants and earmark-account payments are Comptroller payments to the town government and its school districts (stage: paid), the same payees as the Fairness Index. Enacted earmarks and earmark payments are different things: enacted earmarks are budget clauses, counted three ways above; earmark-account payments are Comptroller payments to the town government and its school districts from accounts classified as earmarks, which can include prior-year and statewide-program money. Either can be larger. Shared revenue, pass-through contracts, transfers to state entities and unclassified payments, $281M in all, are not shown. Rank 1 is the highest amount per resident among 351.
Formula aid is gross; competitive grants and earmark-account payments are as paid. Other classes, $281 million, are not shown.
Earmarks
Springfield received $16.3 million in local earmarks naming the town, $27.5 million placed in the town and $27.7 million counting everything placed, in ten enacted budgets.
Names the town
$16.3M
$105 per resident (43rd of 351)
Placed in the town
$27.5M
$178 per resident (14th of 351)
Everything placed
$27.7M
$179 per resident (23rd of 351)
Losers Club
Not a member
35 municipalities had none
Local earmarks are counted three ways: clauses that name Springfield; clauses placed in Springfield, adding organizations located here; and everything placed, adding state facilities located here. Three ways to count a local earmark.
Placed in the town: 341 clauses in ten of ten budgets; the most recent in FY2026. $16.2 million came in clauses that name Springfield; the other $11.3 million went to organizations based in Springfield, some of which serve a wider area.
Names the town includes $125,000 in clauses that name Springfield but fund a state facility or a MassHealth rate add-on; those count under everything placed, not placed in the town.
Everything placed, the third measure, adds $175,000 in two clauses for state facilities located in Springfield (such as state universities, courts, state parks or the metropolitan beaches) or MassHealth rate add-ons for providers here.
| Year | Amount | Budget text (excerpt) | Stage |
|---|---|---|---|
| FY2023 | $800,000 | “equally for the Urban League of Springfield, Inc., in the city of Springfield and the Urban League of Eastern Massachusetts, Inc.” | Enacted names the town |
| FY2022 | $800,000 | “equally to the Urban League of Springfield, Inc., in the city of Springfield and the Urban League of Eastern Massachusetts, Inc” | Enacted names the town |
| FY2020 | $400,000 | “the Urban League of Springfield, Inc” | Enacted names the town |
| FY2019 | $400,000 | “the Urban League of Springfield, Inc” | Enacted names the town |
| FY2018 | $400,000 | “the Urban League of Springfield, Inc” | Enacted names the town |
Enacted earmarks and earmark payments are different things: enacted earmarks are budget clauses, counted three ways above; earmark-account payments are Comptroller payments to the town government and its school districts from accounts classified as earmarks, which can include prior-year and statewide-program money. Either can be larger.
What the town carries
Measured against what it maintains, Springfield received 1.27 times its proportional share of competitive grant awards.
Local road miles
444.5
2nd of 351 · 2.9 per 1,000 residents (320th of 351)
Town-owned bridges, replacement cost
$56.5M
scored exposure $23.6M · one in poor condition
Road-stream crossings
152
38th of 351 · culverts and small crossings
Town-owned hazard dams
14
high or significant hazard
Land area
31.9 sq mi
0% state-owned
Seasonal homes
0%
share of housing units
Peak service population
155,064
residents plus seasonal
Core infrastructure index
0.73
roads, culverts, dams, coast, flood, energy
The burden index divides the competitive awards Springfield received from FY2017 to FY2026 by what it would have received if every program had split its money by its own measure of need: road miles for road programs, crossings for culvert grants, town-owned hazard dams for dam repair, jobs for economic development, residents for libraries. 1.0 is proportional. Springfield: 1.27. State median: 0.91. Bridges count by replacement cost and condition, not by number, and only bridges the town owns. Ranks run from 1, the most among 351.
Burden index 1.27; state median 0.91; 1.0 is proportional. Ranks run from 1, the most among 351.
State land and growth
State land eligible for PILOT
63 acres
0.3% of land area · FY2026
State-owned land PILOT, FY2026
$43,000
payment in lieu of taxes, cherry sheet
PILOT per eligible acre
$680
statewide $117 · FY2026
New growth per resident
$10,218
FY2017–2025 · 320th of 351 · median town $20,524
State land eligible for PILOT is the Division of Local Services’ count of state-owned acres on which the state pays a payment in lieu of taxes; the payment follows the land’s assessed value, not its acreage, so the per-acre figure is a comparison, not the formula. The state-owned share on the land-area tile above is the MassGIS map of all state-owned open space, a wider count. New growth is the assessed value of new construction and improvements added to the tax base, summed FY2017–FY2025 and divided by 2020–24 residents; taxed at the prior year’s rates, it adds to the levy limit beyond 2.5%.
Costs and the 2½% limit
State aid covered 63.0% of Springfield’s general-fund spending in FY2025, up from 58.8% in FY2006.
State aid as a share of general-fund spending
FY2006
58.8%
$286M of $486M · median town 14.1%
FY2016
59.8%
$367M of $614M · median town 12.2%
FY2025
63.0%
$580M of $920M · median town 11.5%
Net of state charges, FY2025
51.3%
FY2010: 53.0% · median town 10.0%
State aid is the gross cherry sheet as entered on the tax rate recap; spending is the town’s general-fund expenditures as filed with the Division of Local Services. Net subtracts the charges the state assesses on the same cherry sheet (charter and school-choice tuition, transit, county and other assessments), itemized from FY2010.
Gross state aid went from $286 million in FY2006 to $580 million in FY2025, +102.9% in dollars. Consumer prices are the Boston-area CPI-U, up 55.1% over those years; government prices are the federal price index for state and local government purchases, up 74.5%. Fiscal-year averages. Flag: in FY2010, $16.6 million of Springfield’s gross aid was in receipts the itemized cherry sheet does not show, consistent with school-building reimbursements that ended by FY2024 (not verified line by line). Part of the change since FY2006 may be that phase-out.
Fixed costs against the 2½% limit, FY2016–FY2025
Health insurance, FY2016–25
+32.7%
$62.4M to $82.8M · all towns +54.0%
All fixed costs, FY2016–25
+72.8%
$108M to $187M · all towns +53.0%
Years squeezed
5 of 9
fixed costs grew faster than allowed levy growth
Health insurance
2 of 9
years it grew faster than allowed levy growth
Nine years at 2.5% add 24.9%. Grown that way from FY2016, Springfield’s health insurance would have been $77.9 million in FY2025; it was $82.8 million, $4.91 million above the path. Its fixed costs would have been $135 million in FY2025; it was $187 million, $52 million above the path.
Fixed costs are employee benefits, retirement, insurance and similar costs in the general fund; health insurance comes from a separate DLS report. Allowed levy growth is 2.5% plus new growth, as a share of the prior year’s levy limit; a year counts as squeezed when fixed costs grew by a larger percentage.
Local earmarks against the health-insurance increase
Over the nine budgets, earmarks naming Springfield came to $14.4 million, 70.5% of the $20.4 million rise in its health insurance.
| Measure | Earmarks | Share of the increase | All towns, pooled |
|---|---|---|---|
| Names the town | $14.4M | 70.5% | 28.2% |
| Placed in the town | $23.9M | 117.0% | 42.3% |
| Everything placed | $24.1M | 117.9% | 45.2% |
An earmark is a one-year appropriation; a health-insurance increase recurs in every later budget. Earmarks are counted on the three measures and are not adjusted for the January 2024 mid-year cuts or the FY2026 hold. All towns: pooled over the towns that reported health insurance in both years. All dollars nominal. Method.
Schools
Springfield’s required school contribution is 1.8% of median household income, 324th highest of 351.
Chapter 70 aid, FY2026
$546M
to the town’s district
Required local contribution
$54.3M
FY2026
Share of household income
1.8%
324th of 351 (1 = highest)
Real aid per pupil, FY2017–26
+30%
after inflation
Springfield runs its own school district.
Real figures use the CPI-U, fiscal-year average, in FY2026 dollars. The required contribution is the local share the state sets under the Chapter 70 formula; the share of income divides it per household by the town’s median household income.
Expected and actual
Springfield received $99.1 million in earmarks placed in the town and competitive grants over ten years, 69% of the $143 million its size, need and institutions predict.
The expectation comes from a statewide model of all 351 municipalities that uses population, road miles, jobs, poverty, income, tax base, school-aid share and the presence of hospitals, colleges and nonprofits. Those factors explain about 55–60% of the differences between towns. The model leaves out many legitimate reasons a town may receive more or less, such as a single large project, so a gap is a starting point for questions, not a finding about anyone’s conduct.
Earmarks here are placed in the town, the second of three measures (enacted); competitive grants are Comptroller payments (paid). Method.
Peers
Springfield ranks 1st of 11 on earmark dollars placed in the town per resident among itself and its ten nearest peers.
Peers are the ten municipalities nearest to Springfield on population, income need and tax-base need. The best and lowest performers are the highest and lowest on earmark dollars placed in the town per resident in the wider class of 30 nearest, the second of three measures.
| Municipality | Fairness Index | Formula aid per resident | Competitive per resident | Earmarks placed in the town, per resident (enacted) | Burden index | School contribution, share of income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Springfieldthis town | 79 | $35,424 | $352 | $178 | 1.27 | 1.8% |
| Worcesterpeer | 65 | $19,940 | $387 | $93.01 | 0.90 | 2.4% |
| New Bedfordpeer | 74 | $27,251 | $466 | $126 | 1.34 | 1.9% |
| Fall Riverpeer | 72 | $25,031 | $426 | $77.65 | 0.89 | 2.0% |
| Lowellpeer | 70 | $24,024 | $384 | $66.99 | 0.82 | 2.3% |
| Lawrencepeer | 81 | $35,983 | $392 | $72.86 | 1.09 | 1.0% |
| Brocktonpeer | 72 | $26,796 | $378 | $70.10 | 1.28 | 2.3% |
| Lynnpeer | 72 | $27,652 | $300 | $97.57 | 1.51 | 2.5% |
| Chicopeepeer · lowest in class of 30 | 62 | $19,031 | $203 | $19.30 | 0.65 | 2.4% |
| Tauntonpeer | 59 | $17,881 | $149 | $94.33 | 0.82 | 2.7% |
| Fitchburgpeer | 68 | $22,494 | $765 | $118 | 2.33 | 2.1% |
| Chelseabest in class of 30 | 77 | $32,370 | $919 | $147 | 3.69 | 2.6% |
| Chicopeelowest in class of 30 | 62 | $19,031 | $203 | $19.30 | 0.65 | 2.4% |
Formula aid per resident is the ten-year gross total; competitive grants are ten-year totals paid, FY2017–FY2026; earmarks are enacted clauses placed in the town over the same ten budgets. Add up to ten towns to the table; adding needs JavaScript.
Sources
Every figure traces to a public record.
Fairness Index
Representation
State money
What the town carries
- MassDOT Chapter 90 apportionment and Road Inventory
- FHWA National Bridge Inventory, 2025
- MassDOT Bridges layer (GeoDOT)
- North Atlantic Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative, road-stream crossings
- DCR Office of Dam Safety inventory, via MassGIS
- American Community Survey housing tables, U.S. Census Bureau
- State grant award lists (Community One Stop, MVP, Green Communities and others)
- DLS Databank, state-owned land eligible for PILOT
- DLS Databank, new growth
Costs and the 2½% limit
- DLS Databank, Schedule A general fund expenditures and revenues
- DLS Databank, health insurance expenditures
- DLS Databank, revenue by source (state aid)
- DLS Databank, cherry sheet receipts and charges by program
- DLS Databank, new growth and levy limits
- Boston-area CPI-U (BLS) and state-local price index (BEA), via FRED
Every figure on this page is built by script from these public sources. Method and limits.
Parcenomics helps towns turn numbers like these into a plan. Municipal services · Contact